Cannabis & Hemp: What's the Difference?

The terms hemp and cannabis are often used interchangeably, which can create confusion. With various names for products derived from the cannabis plant, it's important to understand the distinctions between the two. Let's break down the differences between hemp and weed, their uses, and their legal status in Australia and New Zealand.

What's the Difference Between Hemp and Cannabis?

Hemp and cannabis may seem like different species, but both come from the Cannabis sativa plant, which is part of the same botanical classification. The key difference lies in their chemotypes, or the chemical compositions of the plant. This distinction affects how each plant is cultivated, used, and legally classified.

THC Content

The primary distinction and legal definition is the concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive compound responsible for the "high" associated with cannabis.

• Hemp: Contains less than 0.3% THC by dry weight, making it non-psychoactive.
• Cannabis: Contains more than 0.3% THC, making it legally classified as cannabis or marijuana.

This 0.3 percent THC threshold is crucial in understanding the hemp vs marijuana difference and answering the question "is hemp weed?"

Appearance

To understand what marijuana looks like and how to identify a hemp plant, let's compare their appearances:

• Hemp plant: Taller and skinnier with fewer leaves and branches near the top. Its hemp leaf is narrower with less pronounced serrations.
• Marijuana plant: Shorter and bushier with denser, more resinous flower clusters and more visible trichomes (the resin glands producing cannabinoids like THC and CBD).

Cannabis resin is more abundant on marijuana plants, contributing to their distinct appearance and higher cannabinoid concentration.

Cultivation

• Hemp: Grown tightly packed in fields, optimized for stalk and seed production. Hemp cultivation focuses on maximizing hemp fiber yield.
• Cannabis: Grown with space between plants to allow flower and branch growth, maximizing cannabinoid content. Cannabis flowers, or buds, are the primary focus of cultivation.

What Is Hemp Used For and What Are Its Benefits?

Hemp has been used for centuries in industries such as textiles and construction, but it also has medical and nutritional applications.

Industrial Uses

• Rope, Paper, and Textiles: Hemp fibers are incredibly durable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly.
• Building Materials: Hemp stalks are used to create hempcrete, an alternative to traditional cement.

Nutritional Benefits

Hemp seeds and hemp oil are packed with nutrients:

• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These may support brain health, reduce inflammation, and improve skin and heart health.
• Antioxidants and Amino Acids: Help promote overall wellness.

Medical Benefits

Hemp contains cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid with potential therapeutic properties. CBD stands for cannabidiol, and it's important to understand the difference between hemp oil vs CBD oil:

• Anti-Anxiety and Anti-Inflammatory Effects: CBD interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system, specifically CB2 receptors in the immune system, to provide relief from anxiety and inflammation.
• Non-Psychoactive: CBD is suitable for people who want health benefits without the psychoactive effects of THC.

The difference between CBD and THC is crucial in understanding the medicinal uses of hemp-derived products.

What Is Cannabis Used For and Where Did It Originate?

Cannabis, unlike hemp, is primarily cultivated for its THC content. Its use dates back thousands of years, with ancient civilizations using cannabis for medical purposes as early as 2800 BC. Today, cannabis is making a resurgence in the medical field, thanks to our growing understanding of THC and other cannabinoids.

Medical Applications

In modern medicine, THC is prescribed for conditions such as:

• Chronic Pain
• Arthritis
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Epilepsy
• Anxiety
• Sleep Disorders
• Cancer-Related Nausea and Appetite Loss

THC interacts with CB1 receptors in the central nervous system, creating both therapeutic and psychoactive effects. Medical cannabis has gained recognition for its potential in treating various conditions.

Recreational Use

Cannabis is also known for its recreational use, which has led to ongoing debates about cannabis legalisation in many countries.

Terpenes and Cannabinoids

Cannabis plants contain not only THC and CBD but also a variety of terpenes and other cannabinoids. These compounds contribute to the unique properties of different cannabis strains.

Are Hemp Products Legal in Australia and New Zealand?

Hemp Seed Oil

Hemp seed oil is legal for sale over the counter in Australia and New Zealand, provided it contains less than 1% THC. It is primarily used as a dietary supplement due to its nutritional benefits.

CBD Oil

In New Zealand, CBD products are also prescription-only and must meet strict medicinal standards.

THC Products

Cannabis products containing THC are legal for medical use with a doctor's prescription in both countries. However, they are subject to regulations to ensure safety and proper use. Cannabis laws continue to evolve as more research is conducted on the plant's medicinal properties.

What Are the Side Effects of Hemp and Cannabis?

Hemp

Hemp products are generally well-tolerated, but side effects may include:

• Digestive Upset: From consuming large quantities of hemp seeds.
• Allergic Reactions: Particularly for those sensitive to nuts or seeds.
• Interactions with Medications: Fatty acids in hemp may affect certain prescriptions.

Cannabis

Cannabis products, particularly those containing THC, can cause:

• Dry Mouth
• Drowsiness
• Appetite Changes
• Anxiety or Psychotic Symptoms: In higher doses or in vulnerable individuals.

Hemp vs Cannabis: Key Takeaways

The cannabis plant, including both Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica species, is an incredibly versatile plant with applications ranging from industrial uses to medical treatments. The key differences between hemp and cannabis lie in their THC content, physical characteristics, and cultivation methods.

• Hemp: Best for industrial and nutritional uses, including hemp seed oil and CBD products.
• Cannabis: Cultivated for its THC content and used to treat a variety of medical conditions.

Whether you're exploring hemp for its nutritional benefits or cannabis for its therapeutic uses, consulting a healthcare professional is essential. In New Zealand, Alternaleaf offers a quick 30-second pre-screening to connect you with a doctor who can guide you through your options and create a personalized treatment plan.