Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a key active ingredient in medical cannabis. Of the more than 100 cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant, THC is perhaps the most well-known and is primarily responsible for cannabis’ psychoactive effects. But what exactly is THC, and how is it used in medicine? Let’s take a closer look.
What Is THC?
The cannabis plant contains numerous chemically active compounds called cannabinoids. These cannabinoids interact with receptors throughout the body, including the brain, nervous system, and immune system.
THC, the first cannabinoid to be discovered in 1964, is the most recognised and widely studied. It is famous for its euphoric and psychoactive properties, making it the compound responsible for the characteristic “high” associated with cannabis use.
In most cannabis strains, THC and CBD are the dominant cannabinoids, while others like CBN and CBG occur in much smaller quantities.
How Does THC Work?
THC interacts with the body through the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a network of receptors that regulate various physiological processes. These receptors are designed to recognise endocannabinoids—naturally occurring chemicals in the body with structures similar to cannabinoids.
When THC is consumed, it binds primarily to CB1 receptors located in the brain and nervous system. This interaction produces a range of effects, including euphoria (commonly referred to as a “high”), increased appetite (often called “the munchies”), and decreased anxiety or pain.
However, THC can also cause negative side effects such as impaired coordination and memory, paranoia, and heightened anxiety.
The effects of THC vary significantly depending on factors such as the method of consumption and individual differences. For instance, smoking or vaping cannabis typically produces quicker effects, while edibles take longer to kick in but have stronger and longer-lasting effects.
THC vs. CBD: What’s the Difference?
THC and CBD are both cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant, but they affect the body and brain in very different ways.
- THC is psychoactive, meaning it alters perception and mental state, resulting in the “high” commonly associated with cannabis.
- CBD is non-psychoactive and has more subtle effects on the body, often used for its anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and anxiety-reducing properties.
The ratio of THC to CBD in a product matters, as it influences its effects and suitability for certain conditions. Depending on your symptoms and lifestyle, your doctor may recommend a specific combination of THC and CBD for optimal therapeutic benefit.
What Is THC Prescribed For?
In Australia, medical cannabis can be prescribed for any condition if a doctor believes it will benefit the patient. Unlike some other countries, there is no restricted list of qualifying conditions. However, patients must have a chronic condition lasting longer than three months and resistant to conventional treatments.
Doctors work closely with patients to assess their health concerns, medical history, and previous treatments before prescribing THC-containing cannabis products.
Medical cannabis is available in various formulations, typically containing a mix of THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids. For example, a high-THC product may be effective for managing chronic pain in some patients, while a high-CBD product may be better suited for others.
Medical Benefits of THC
THC has shown potential as a treatment for a wide range of medical conditions, including:
- Chronic pain
- Multiple sclerosis
- Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
THC may also help manage mental health conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety, although low doses are generally more effective, as higher doses can worsen anxiety symptoms.
While research is promising, further studies are needed to fully understand the risks and benefits of using THC for mental health conditions.
How Much THC Is in Cannabis?
The concentration of THC in cannabis varies widely depending on the strain and cultivation methods. Medical cannabis flower typically contains between 18% and 30% THC, with most strains falling between 22% and 25%. Strains with higher THC concentrations are generally not recommended for inexperienced users.
Patients should be aware of the THC content in their prescribed products, as higher concentrations can produce stronger effects and increase the likelihood of side effects. For beginners, the rule of thumb is to “start low and go slow” to minimise adverse reactions.
Is THC Safe?
Medicinal cannabis containing THC is generally considered a safe treatment option, with common side effects including dizziness, anxiety, and a racing heart. Overconsumption is rare, especially when used under medical supervision.
THC is classified as a Schedule 8 medicine in Australia, meaning it is regulated but can be prescribed under the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) Special Access Scheme. However, THC is not recommended for children, teenagers, or individuals with a family history of psychosis, as it may increase the risk of mental health issues like schizophrenia.
Is THC Right for You?
THC is a powerful cannabinoid with both therapeutic and psychoactive effects. Its impact depends on factors like dosage, delivery method, and individual characteristics such as genetics and experience with cannabis.
If you’re considering THC as a treatment option, consult with a medical cannabis clinic or your GP. A healthcare professional can help determine whether THC is suitable for your condition and guide you toward the best product, dose, and delivery method for your needs.
For personalised support and expert advice, book a consultation with Alternaleaf to explore how THC can benefit your chronic condition.
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