Overdosing with medical cannabis is certainly possible, as with any medication. While there have been no recorded deaths directly attributed to the acute toxicity of cannabis in humans, many people wonder, "Can you overdose on weed?" or "Can weed kill you?" The answer is complex, and it’s important to understand the potential risks and side effects of cannabis use, especially when considering if cannabis is a fit for you.
What is Greening Out?
Greening out is a term used to describe the unpleasant sensations that come with taking too much tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component in cannabis. A marijuana overdose, often referred to as "greening out," can easily occur when someone is new to cannabis or hasn’t heard of the 'start low, go slow' approach. Symptoms of acute marijuana intoxication can include anxiety, paranoia, panic, an increased heart rate, or even vomiting. Fortunately, these symptoms can usually be managed with monitoring and supportive treatment.
If you’re new to cannabis products, it’s important to understand how to minimise your chances of experiencing a marijuana overdose.
How Does Medical Cannabis Work?
Medical cannabis contains compounds known as phytocannabinoids (commonly referred to as cannabinoids). THC is the most well-known cannabinoid, and it causes psychoactive effects through its interaction with the body's endocannabinoid system. This system is a complex network of cell receptors involved in various bodily functions, including mood regulation.
THC can cause fluctuations in mood, typically resulting in relaxation or giddiness. However, in larger amounts, it can also induce anxiety, paranoia, or even panic. This dose-dependent toxicity means that the effects can vary greatly depending on the amount consumed.
Are Cannabis Overdoses Serious?
The good news is that it’s highly unlikely to experience physical harm from a cannabis overdose. No one has ever died directly from taking too much cannabis. THC and other compounds in cannabis do not depress respiratory function like alcohol or opioids, which can be life-threatening in overdoses.
While a fatal cannabis overdose is theoretically possible, it is practically unachievable due to the sheer amount of cannabis required. However, the amount needed to experience greening out can vary greatly from person to person. Factors such as tolerance development and the method of administration play a role. This is why it’s essential to follow the treatment plan prescribed by your doctor.
Marijuana overdoses are more common with edible cannabis products. While edibles are not a prescription option in New Zealand, THC-containing oils are. These oils, when swallowed, must first be processed by the liver before entering the bloodstream, which can delay the onset of effects. This delay sometimes leads individuals to take additional doses, mistakenly believing the initial dose isn’t working. Patience is key with ingestible forms of cannabis, especially for beginners.
Symptoms of a Cannabis Overdose
A cannabis overdose can cause a variety of weed side effects and short-term effects of weed, including:
- Anxiety
- Confusion
- Fatigue
- Dry or red eyes
- Fast heart rate
- Loss of coordination or dizziness
- Headache
- Dry mouth
- Hallucinations
- Nausea and vomiting
- Unresponsiveness (in severe cases)
In some individuals, particularly those prone to anxiety, cannabis may also trigger paranoia and panic attacks. It’s important to note that while these symptoms can be distressing, they are typically not life-threatening.
What to Do During a Cannabis Overdose
If you think you are experiencing a marijuana overdose, it’s crucial to know how to treat an overdose at home. Move to a quiet and calming space, preferably one that is familiar and comfortable. Here are some tips to help manage the situation:
- Practise deep breathing to ground yourself.
- Drink water or have a snack.
- Watch a movie or listen to soothing music.
- Rest or try to fall asleep.
- Call a trusted friend or family member for support if needed.
In most cases, the best remedy for a cannabis overdose is simply to wait it out. However, if symptoms worsen or you feel overwhelmed, seek medical assistance. If someone is experiencing severe symptoms such as chest pains, severe vomiting, psychosis, or loss of consciousness, emergency room visits may be necessary. In such cases, call emergency services immediately.
Sticking to a Treatment Plan
If you have been prescribed medical cannabis, your doctor will create a personalised treatment plan with specific dosing instructions. Following these instructions minimises the risk of adverse effects and THC poisoning. Medical cannabis products in Australia and New Zealand are produced under strict safety standards, ensuring product quality and safety.
Always remember the mantra: "Start low and go slow." Begin with a very low dose and, if necessary, gradually increase it under your doctor’s guidance until the desired therapeutic effect is achieved.
It’s also important to be aware of the potential long-term effects of cannabis use. While research is ongoing, some studies suggest that prolonged, heavy use of cannabis may lead to chronic cognitive impairments in some individuals.
By following your doctor’s instructions and understanding how to use medical cannabis responsibly, you can safely experience its potential benefits while minimising the risks of marijuana toxicity and other adverse effects.