Approximately one in every 20 people in New Zealand is estimated to have some degree attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While ADHD is often diagnosed in children, many adults find that it persists into adulthood, leading to questions about effective treatment options, including the use of medical cannabis. This guide explores the causes, symptoms, and ADHD therapies, with a focus on alternative treatments and the potential role of cannabis in managing symptoms in the context of ADHD.
What Is ADHD?
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects a person's ability to focus, control impulses, and manage hyperactivity. According to Health Direct, ADHD can make it challenging for individuals to regulate emotions, thoughts, and reactions to their surroundings. This condition often impacts executive function, which is crucial for planning, organising, and completing tasks.
ADHD symptoms often become apparent during childhood and may disrupt daily life at home, school, or work. However, not all cases are diagnosed early, and many adults live with undiagnosed ADHD until later in life, leading to a growing awareness of ADHD in adults.
There are three types of ADHD diagnoses:
- Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD: A person displays excessive energy and impulsive behaviour.
- Inattentive ADHD: A person struggles with maintaining focus and attention.
- Combined ADHD: A mix of both hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive traits.
Symptoms of ADHD
Each individual with ADHD presents a unique combination of symptoms. Common signs include:
Inattentive Symptoms:
- Easily distracted and forgetful.
- Frequently losing items or making careless mistakes.
- Difficulty following conversations or completing tasks.
- Daydreaming or appearing disorganised.
Hyperactive-Impulsive Symptoms:
- Talking excessively or interrupting others.
- Constant fidgeting, moving, or an inability to stay seated.
- Acting impulsively without considering consequences.
- Struggling to listen or wait their turn.
Some individuals may exhibit a combination of these symptoms, including inattention and hyperactivity, making it important to tailor treatment plans to their unique needs. These symptoms can significantly impact cognitive function and daily life activities.
Causes of ADHD
While the exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, research indicates that a combination of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors plays a role in brain development.
- Genetics: ADHD often runs in families. Parents with ADHD are more likely to have children with the condition.
- Brain Function: Differences in brain activity, particularly in how the brain processes neurotransmitters like dopamine, are linked to ADHD.
- Environmental Factors: Exposure to toxins like lead during early childhood, substance use during pregnancy, or traumatic brain injuries may increase the risk of developing ADHD.
- Other Contributors: Sleep disorders like sleep apnoea or difficulties bonding with a parent during early life may also contribute to ADHD symptoms.
Treatments for ADHD
ADHD treatment typically involves a combination of medication, behavioural interventions, and lifestyle changes.
Pharmaceutical Options
Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate (commonly known as Ritalin), are often prescribed for ADHD but can be controversial, particularly when used for children under 18. These medications can have significant side effects, including appetite suppression, mood swings, and sleep disturbances. It's important to note that Ritalin side effects should be carefully monitored by healthcare professionals.
Non-Medicinal Approaches
- Structured Routines: Establishing a consistent daily routine can help children and adults with ADHD stay organised and reduce stress. Parents, teachers, and caregivers can play a key role in supporting these routines.
- Therapy and Behavioural Support: Working with a psychologist or therapist can help individuals understand their behaviours and develop strategies for better social interactions and emotional regulation. This can be particularly helpful in managing anxiety, which often co-occurs with ADHD.
- Dietary and Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep are essential for managing ADHD symptoms. Reducing sugar and processed foods may also be beneficial.
- Alternative Treatments: Some people explore alternative therapies, including mindfulness, meditation, and yoga, as part of their ADHD treatment plan. These approaches can help improve focus and reduce anxiety.
Medical Cannabis for ADHD
Medical cannabis has gained attention as a potential treatment for managing ADHD symptoms. While more research is needed, some studies and anecdotal evidence suggest that cannabis may help alleviate hyperactivity, impulsivity, and sleep disturbances associated with ADHD.
How Cannabis May Help
- Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC): May help reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity, though its psychoactive effects can vary by individual.
- Cannabidiol (CBD): Known for its calming properties, CBD may reduce anxiety and improve focus without the "high" associated with THC. CBD oil for ADHD is becoming an increasingly popular option for those seeking alternative treatments.
The potential benefits of cannabis for ADHD are thought to be related to its interaction with the endocannabinoid system, particularly the CB1 receptors in the brain. This system plays a role in regulating mood, memory, and cognitive processes.
According to a study published in PLOS One, medical cannabis has shown promise for some individuals in managing ADHD symptoms. However, it's essential to consult a medical professional before considering cannabis as part of your treatment plan, as factors like dosage and method of consumption (such as vaporization) can significantly impact its effects.
The Future of ADHD Treatment
The future of ADHD treatment lies in personalised approaches that integrate behavioural interventions, medication (when appropriate), and alternative therapies. While medical cannabis is not a standard treatment for ADHD, ongoing research may shed light on its potential benefits, particularly for treatment-resistant ADHD.
If you're considering alternative treatments like medical cannabis, speak with a qualified healthcare provider or visit a medical cannabis clinic to discuss your options. It's also worth noting that while cannabis shows promise, it's not classified as a stimulant like traditional ADHD medications, and its effects on ADHD symptoms can vary widely between individuals.
Final Thoughts
ADHD is a complex condition that requires a tailored approach to treatment. Whether through structured routines, therapy, or alternative options like medical cannabis, finding the right combination of interventions can make a significant difference in managing symptoms.
If you or a loved one is struggling with ADHD, reach out to healthcare professionals for support. Our Alternaleaf doctors are here to talk through your potential condition and help with the right tools and strategies, to help manage your daily life.