Depression is one of the most common mental health challenges affecting people worldwide, and New Zealand is no exception. According to the 2021/22 New Zealand Health Survey, approximately 1 in 3 adults (34.8%) experienced mild or greater anxiety and/or depression symptoms in the past two weeks. This reflects an increase from about 1 in 4 adults (25.0%) in 2016/17.
Additionally, as of June 2022, around 818,000 adults in New Zealand were diagnosed with depression. These statistics highlight the importance of understanding depression and ensuring those affected have access to the resources and support they need, including mental health benefits in NZ.
Here's what Kiwis need to know about depression, its symptoms, potential causes, and treatment options.
What Is Depression?
Depression is a serious mental health condition that significantly impacts a person's quality of life and cognitive function. While occasional sadness or low energy is normal, depression involves intense and persistent feelings of hopelessness and sadness lasting for long periods of time.
Symptoms of Depression:
- Persistent sadness
- Low energy or motivation
- Feelings of hopelessness
- Anger or irritability
- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
Depression can also manifest physically, with symptoms such as:
- Changes in sleep patterns
- Appetite fluctuations
- Fatigue or feeling run down
- Nausea, muscle pain, or headaches
In addition, individuals with depression may socially withdraw, stop engaging in hobbies, or turn to substances like alcohol to cope. Without treatment, depression can lead to suicidal thoughts or actions.
Signs of Depression in Women
Women may experience some unique symptoms of depression, including:
- Increased emotional sensitivity
- Changes in menstrual cycle
- Heightened irritability
- Increased appetite and weight gain
- Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
Causes of Depression
Depression is a complex condition often caused by a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors.
Common Risk Factors:
- Family History: A higher likelihood of depression if immediate family members have experienced it.
- Personality Traits: Low self-esteem and poor stress tolerance can increase vulnerability.
- Trauma or Adversity: Childhood abuse, neglect, exposure to violence, or traumatic events can trigger depression.
- Environmental Stressors: Chronic caregiving responsibilities, poverty, or significant life changes may lead to depressive episodes.
How Depression Affects Kiwis
In New Zealand, depression and other mood disorders are increasingly prevalent. The 2021/22 Health Survey reported that around 12% of New Zealand adults had been diagnosed with a mood disorder such as depression or bipolar disorder (Ministry of Health).
This rise in mental health concerns calls for greater investment in mental health services, community support systems, and mental health benefits in NZ to help those affected.
Does Medicinal Cannabis Help with Depression?
The use of medicinal cannabis for treating depression is an emerging field of study. While more research is needed, some studies suggest that cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating compound in cannabis, may positively affect serotonin levels in the brain and the endocannabinoid system.
Key Findings:
- A review found that CBD had potential antidepressant properties, primarily due to its impact on serotonin regulation (MDPI).
- Another study suggested that low doses of CBD could reduce symptoms of social anxiety and, in turn, associated depression (Frontiers in Psychology).
While promising, these findings are preliminary, and large-scale, controlled trials are necessary before medicinal cannabis can be recommended for managing depression.
CBD Oil for Depression
CBD oil, derived from the cannabis plant, has shown potential in alleviating symptoms of depression. Its interaction with the endocannabinoid system may help regulate mood and emotional responses. However, more research is needed to fully understand its efficacy and appropriate dosage considerations for depression treatment.
Potential Risks of Medicinal Cannabis
While medicinal cannabis is considered safe when prescribed and monitored, there are risks associated with improper use:
- High THC Content: Products with high THC levels may exacerbate anxiety or depressive symptoms and, in rare cases, lead to paranoia or psychosis (Frontiers in Psychiatry).
- Adolescent Use: Research suggests that cannabis use during adolescence increases the risk of developing depression in later life (JAMA Psychiatry).
It's important to consult a medical professional to ensure safe and appropriate use of medicinal cannabis and to understand potential side effects.
Treatment Options for Depression
If you or someone you know is experiencing depression, a variety of treatments are available:
1. Medication:
Antidepressants and mood stabilisers can help manage symptoms. Your GP or psychiatrist can guide you to the right depression medication in NZ. Anxiety medication is also available for those experiencing comorbid anxiety and depression.
2. Psychotherapy:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and other forms of psychotherapy can help address underlying causes and teach coping strategies. These therapeutic approaches aim to improve cognitive function and emotional regulation.
3. Lifestyle Changes:
Regular exercise, a healthy diet, mindfulness, and quality sleep can significantly improve mental health and help overcome depression.
4. Support Groups:
Joining a support group can provide a sense of community and shared understanding.
5. Alternative Treatments:
Emerging options, such as CBD-dominant medicinal cannabis, show promise but should only be considered under professional supervision. The therapeutic benefits of these treatments are still being studied, and proper dosage considerations are crucial.
How to Overcome Depression
Overcoming depression often requires a multi-faceted approach:
- Seek professional help from a mental health clinic or therapist
- Follow prescribed treatment plans, including medication if recommended
- Practice self-care and maintain a healthy lifestyle
- Build a strong support network of friends and family
- Set realistic goals and celebrate small achievements
- Challenge negative thought patterns through cognitive restructuring
- Consider complementary therapies like mindfulness or art therapy
Depression is a serious condition, but with the right support and treatment, it is manageable. Understanding the symptoms and risk factors, seeking help early, and exploring treatment options can make a significant difference.
If you're struggling, reach out for help—you're not alone. Whether through traditional treatments, medicinal cannabis options, or a combination of approaches, there are paths to recovery and improved mental health for all Kiwis.
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